Paragraph LXVII sets out the fine for wounds of various depths: one inch, one shilling two inches, two shillings, etc. The earliest known reference to the inch in England is from the Laws of Æthelberht dating to the early 7th century, surviving in a single manuscript, the Textus Roffensis from 1120. Mid-19th-century tool for converting between different standards of the inch However, for engineering purposes fractions are commonly given to three or four places of decimals and have been for many years. Subdivisions of an inch are typically written using dyadic fractions with odd number numerators for example, two and three-eighths of an inch would be written as 2 + 3 / 8″ and not as 2.375″ nor as 2 + 6 / 16″.
(This is akin to how the first and second "cuts" of the hour are likewise indicated by prime and double prime symbols, and also the first and second cuts of the degree.) For example three feet, two inches can be written as 3′ 2″.
0.0831215 IN INCH PERSECOND ISO
The international standard symbol for inch is in (see ISO 31-1, Annex A) but traditionally the inch is denoted by a double prime, which is often approximated by a double quote symbol, and the foot by a prime, which is often approximated by an apostrophe. The number following the R specifies the diameter of the wheel, normally expressed in inches (in this example, the diameter of the wheel is 16 inches). The letter "R" stands for Radial, which means the layers run radially across the tyre. The following two-digit number indicates the ratio of the tyre's height to its width (in this example: the height is 75% of the width). Inches are commonly used to specify the diameter of vehicle wheel rims, and the corresponding inner diameter of tyres – the number following the letter R in a car/truck tyre size such as 235/75R16 The first three-digit number refers to the tyre's width (normally expressed in millimetres). For the United Kingdom, guidance on public sector use states that, since 1 October 1995, without time limit, the inch (along with the foot) is to be used as a primary unit for road signs and related measurements of distance (with the possible exception of clearance heights and widths) and may continue to be used as a secondary or supplementary indication following a metric measurement for other purposes. In most of continental Europe, the inch is also used informally as a measure for display screens. It is also used in Japan for electronic parts, especially display screens. The inch is a commonly used customary unit of length in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Examples include Catalan: polzada ("inch") and polze ("thumb") Czech: palec ("thumb") Danish and Norwegian: tomme ("inch") tommel ("thumb") Dutch: duim (whence Afrikaans: duim and Russian: дюйм) French: pouce Hungarian: hüvelyk Italian: pollice Portuguese: polegada ("inch") and polegar ("thumb") ("duim") Slovak: palec ("thumb") Spanish: pulgada ("inch") and pulgar ("thumb") and Swedish: tum ("inch") and tumme ("thumb"). In many other European languages, the word for "inch" is the same as or derived from the word for "thumb", as a man's thumb is about an inch wide (and this was even sometimes used to define the inch ).
"Inch" is cognate with " ounce" ( Old English: ynse), whose separate pronunciation and spelling reflect its reborrowing in Middle English from Anglo-Norman unce and ounce. Both were features of Old English phonology see Phonological history of Old English § Palatalization and Germanic umlaut § I-mutation in Old English for more information. The consonant change from the Latin /k/ (spelled c) to English /tʃ/ is palatalisation. The vowel change from Latin /u/ to Old English /y/ (which became Modern English /ɪ/) is known as umlaut. The English word "inch" ( Old English: ynce) was an early borrowing from Latin uncia ("one-twelfth Roman inch Roman ounce").
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